IDENTIFICATION OF WHEAT GERMPLASM RESISTANT TO LEAF, STRIPE AND STEM RUST USING MOLECULAR MARKERS

Аннотация

Wheat leaf rust, stripe and stem rust are major wheat diseases in Kazakhstan that reduce yield and
quality and cause considerable economic damage. This study utilized winter wheat germplasm from different
national and international nurseries to evaluate their value for genetic and breeding programs directed towards
improvement of wheat rust resistance in Kazakhstan. Based on the data from field experiments, the most valuable
sources, combined resistance to both leaf and stripe rust were 16 lines and cultivars (28.6%), including mainly entries
from CIMMYT and IWWIP. Nineteen entries (30.6%) had high level of resistance to leaf rust in the field tests.
Thirty-three entries (53%) were effective to control stripe rust. In our study 22% wheat accessions studied had
polymorphic band linked to leaf rust resistance gene Lr10. Based on rust reactions and data of molecular analysis,
3% entries were found to have Lr19/Sr25, 11% entries – Lr26/Sr31/Yr9/Pm8, 43% entries – Lr34/Yr18, 12% entries
– Lr37/Yr17/Sr38, 17% – Lr68 gene and 6% entries – Yr10 gene. Only one line from IWWIP nursery showed
presence of Yr15 gene. Out of 38 studied entries, the fragment of DNA associated with Sr22 gene in 13 wheat entries
observed. Gene Sr22 was identified in five Kazakhstani and in 8 Belarusian wheat entries. The results obtained used
for developing wheat cultivars resistant to rust.