THE ROLE OF HIGHER VASCULAR PLANTS IN BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Ключевые слова:
wastewater, water plants, phytomeliorants, water system, algae.Аннотация
The article presents the results of a botanical analysis of water systems in the south of Kazakhstan.
Hydromacrophytic vegetation of the reservoir reflects its hydrological and thermal regime and can characterize
the features of its chemical composition, trophic status, age (as a stage of development). In some cases, phytocenosis
and some types of macrophytes can be used as bioindicators, for example, in clean water, as well as to determine the
degree and nature of anthropogenic impacts.
Metals, metal compounds and toxins cause disturbances in many metabolic processes in plants. As a result, the
highly toxic nature of their ions selectively affects the species composition of the phytocenosis.
In Shymkent, almost a unique system of treatment facilities has been operating for about 20 years, during this
time, resistant species adapted to the environment were selected, and a plant cenosis consisting of dominant species
was formed. In this regard, a floristic study was carried out in the canals around the treatment plant, adapted to
climatic conditions and pollutants. As a result of the study, the species composition and the number of plant
communities decreased due to the toxic concentration of water.
It is clearly seen that Cerathophyllum demersum, Lemna minor, L. trisulca, Phragmites australis, Scirpus
lacustris, Epilobium adnatum were identified as effective phytomeliorants, significantly reducing the content of the
main pollutants in urban wastewater. In addition, algae have been found to be indicators of pollution. Highly
effective organic fertilizers can be obtained from the used vascular plants and algae.
In general, these data showed that the optimal consortium of wastewater treatment plants at low temperatures
should be formed from different ecological groups of plants: coastal, floating and inhabiting the aquatic environment.
In addition, among these plants were found sedimentary hornbeam, campfire fish, southern reed, lake reed and a
related cypress.
